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Disease Emphysema emphysema that? that emphysema? In emphysema (from the Greek word "inflation"), the walls of the alveoli (air sacs) in the lungs collapse and lose their elasticity (ability to spring into shape), which complicates the flow of air (in bags) when the person exhales. Disease emphysema often occurs with chronic bronchitis, and together those two diseases called chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The most common cause is smoking cigarettes. If you smoke, quitting smoking can help prevent you from disease. If you already have emphysema, giving up smoking can keep it from getting worse. Treatment depends on whether your symptoms are mild, moderate or severe. Treatments include inhalers, oxygen, medications and sometimes surgery to relieve symptoms and prevent complications. Respiratory disease emphysema condition in which millions of tiny air sacs light (alveoli) stretch form or break. Since these thin, fragile air sacs are damaged or destroyed, the lungs lose their elasticity and are unable to clear easily. Emphysema is a progressive lung disease that means it continues to deteriorate. As the progression of lung disease and lose their ability to absorb oxygen and carbon dioxide release. Breathing becomes more difficult and the person feels easily short of breath as he or she is not getting enough air.
Emphysema and chronic bronchitis are the two most common forms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and they often occur together. A person with chronic bronchitis (inflammation and swelling of the bronchial walls) typically has a daily cough with phlegm that lasts for months at a time over several years. Both diseases emphysema and chronic bronchitis is caused by damage to the lungs and bronchi, and this loss is usually permanent. When the damage caused by smoking, symptoms may improve after a smoker throws. Smoking causes up to 90% of emphysema. Influence of tobacco smoke and air toxins may also contribute to disease emphysema, but these factors are much less important than smoking. Smokers are exposed to high levels of air pollution, including sulfur dioxide and particulate matter appears to be a higher risk of developing COPD. About 1% of people in the United States of emphysema of inherited disease known as alpha-1-antitrypsin. This genetic condition, the body does not produce enough protein alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT), which protects the lungs from damage enzymes. When levels of AAT are low, light and prone to damage these enzymes. In the most severe form, emphysema can develop in people in their 30 or 40 years. Because smoking affects the function of AAT, people with AAT deficiency who smoke develop more severe emphysema at an earlier age than non-smokers. Most people with AAT deficiency are Caucasians of northern European descent. Smoking. Cigarette smoke is by far the most common cause of emphysema. There are over 4000 chemicals in tobacco smoke, including tobacco smoke. These chemical stimuli slowly destroy small peripheral airways, elastic air sacs or maintenance of elastic fibers. Protein deficiency. Approximately 1 to 2 percent of people with the disease emphysema are inherited deficiency of AAT protein that protects the elastic structures in the lungs. Without this protein, enzymes, can lead to progressive lung damage, eventually leading to emphysema. If you are a smoker with the lack of AAT, emphysema can begin in the 30th and 40th years. Progression of disease severity and significantly accelerated by smoking. Emphysema is also a component of aging. How easy are older, elastic properties decrease, and tensions that can lead to development in small areas of emphysema. In underdeveloped countries, a common cause of emphysema is indoor air pollution. In these populations, often with a closed oven in the kitchen. Smoke from cooking causes damage to the lungs. 1) tsentrodolevaya or Centriacinar This type of emphysema mainly affects the bronchioles. Alveolus objectives and upper lobes of the lungs is mainly affected. 2) Pan-focal or pan-atsynarnyh In this type of disease like emphysema the alveoli and bronchioles grossly violated. Basically the lower lobes of lungs affected. 1
degree of emphysema of the lungs, usually pan-atsynarnyh. The first sign of disease emphysema shortness of breath when you are making yourself. Finally, this shortness of breath may occur even if you are at rest. As the disease progresses, these symptoms are associated with one of the other major diseases of the lungs and caused by smoking - bronchitis - may occur:
There are two polar group picture of the disease emphysema. They are as follows->> << Blue Smoked fish: Increased residual, but no changes in the lungs. Pink Puffer. In this patient hyperventilation
through hyperventilation observed increased total lung capacity. As the disease progresses, the level of oxygen in the blood begins to fall, and the level of carbon dioxide increases. Symptoms vary greatly and emphysema may be confused with other conditions, so doctors rely on chest radiography, computed tomography and lung function tests to make the final diagnosis. Key spirometry procedures that lasix 100mg are easily and inexpensively characterize the person's ability to force air from the lungs. Other laboratory tests used to assess the level of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood. No treatment can not change or stop the disease emphysema, but treatment can help relieve symptoms, treat complications and minimize disability. Quitting smoking is the most effective at early stages of emphysema, but it can also slow the loss of lung function in later stages of the disease. People with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency may be candidates for replacement therapy with infusions of natural AAT obtained from donors. Although this form of treatment is effective, it is time consuming and very expensive. Genetically engineered form and inhaled forms are under development. Doctors may prescribe various medications to relieve symptoms of chronic bronchitis, which often accompanies emphysema. These may include:
Bronchodilators - including tiotropium (Spiriva), ipratropiyu (Atrovent), albuterol (Proventil, Ventolin and other brands) and salmeterol (Serevent). These drugs are taken by hand-held inhalers or machine, controlled by sprays that create a light mist that you can breathe. These drugs are called bronchodilators, and they help open the bronchial tubes in the lungs and decrease shortness of breath, wheezing and coughing. Theophylline (sold under several brand names) is a pill form of bronchodilators. Because it may interact with medications and cause side effects, it is used less often than the inhaler medications. Corticosteroids - These drugs help reduce inflammation in the lungs. During an acute outbreak of symptoms, they often presented in the form of tablets or injections. Inhaled corticosteroids or pills may be set for daily use to help control the inflammation of chronic bronchitis. Antibiotics - They are commonly used for acute exacerbation of COPD due to respiratory infections. Oxygen therapy has been proven to increase life expectancy in people suffering emphysema who have below normal levels of oxygen in the blood. Oxygen is usually given through a plastic tube (nasal cannula) worn under the nose. Oxygen or stored in metal cylinders, or cleared of air, electrical machinery (oxygen concentrator). The number of light, portable devices are now available that allow those who need oxygen to leave their homes for several hours at a time. Some people with emphysema need oxygen only at night. As the supply of oxygen at home is very expensive, most health insurance companies have strict requirements for qualifications for home oxygen. People with emphysema also are at risk to become malnourished and develop psychological problems like anxiety and depression. Therefore it is important to regularly visit the doctor about a healthy diet, as well as counseling or medication to help with psychological problems. A number of other treatments available for people with advanced stage emphysema. Pulmonary rehabilitation - a form of physical therapy that teaches patients with emphysema to conserve energy, improve stamina and reduce breathlessness. Lung volume reduction surgery - In this controversial technique, some patients lung are removed to improve the function of other, healthy lungs. Lung transplant - transplant is usually considered only in humans, emphysema is so severe that the average life felt less than two or three years .. c2Form {
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